The withdrawal of the Non-Co-operation movement led to demoralization in the nationalist ranks. One school of thought headed by C.R.Das, and Motilal Nehru advocated a new line of political activity under the changed conditions. They said that nationalists should end the boycott of the Legislative Councils, enter them, obstruct their working, expose their weakness and thus use them to arouse public enthusiasm. Sardar Vallabhbai Patel, Babu Rajendra Prasad and others known as no-changers opposed Council entry. They continued to emphasis the constructive programme, removal of untouchability and grass root work in the villages and among the poor.
In December 1922 Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party with Das as President. This new party was to function as a group within the Congress.
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